A Heteroscedastic Method for Comparing Regression Lines at Specified Design Points When Using a Robust Regression Estimator.

It is well known that the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression estimator is not robust. Many robust regression estimators have been proposed and inferential methods based on these estimators have been derived. However, for two independent groups, let θj (X) be some conditional measure of location for the jth group, given X, based on some robust regression estimator. An issue that has not been addressed is computing a 1 - α confidence interval for θ1(X) - θ2(X) in a manner that allows both within group and between group hetereoscedasticity. The paper reports the finite sample properties of a simple method for accomplishing this goal. Simulations indicate that, in terms of controlling the probability of a Type I error, the method performs very well for a wide range of situations, even with a relatively small sample size. In principle, any robust regression estimator can be used. The simulations are focused primarily on the Theil-Sen estimator, but some results using Yohai's MM-estimator, as well as the Koenker and Bassett quantile regression estimator, are noted. Data from the Well Elderly II study, dealing with measures of meaningful activity using the cortisol awakening response as a covariate, are used to illustrate that the choice between an extant method based on a nonparametric regression estimator, and the method suggested here, can make a practical difference.